"þiustrī" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See þiustrī in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

Etymology: Possibly from *þimstr (“dark, dusky”) + *-ī (adjective suffix), with unexpected *m > *w. Or, perhaps from Proto-Germanic *þiustrijaz, *þiuhstrijaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”). Compare Proto-Slavic *tuskъ (“gloom”). Etymology templates: {{af|gmw-pro|*þimstr|*-ī|id2=adjective|pos2=adjective suffix|t1=dark, dusky}} *þimstr (“dark, dusky”) + *-ī (adjective suffix), {{inh|gmw-pro|gem-pro||*þiustrijaz}} Proto-Germanic *þiustrijaz, {{der|gmw-pro|ine-pro|*tewh₂-|t=to swell}} Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”), {{cog|sla-pro|*tuskъ|t=gloom}} Proto-Slavic *tuskъ (“gloom”) Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|adjective}} *þiustrī Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-adj}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], þiustrī [masculine, nominative, singular], þiustriju [feminine, nominative, singular], þiustrī [neuter, nominative, singular], þiustrijanā [accusative, masculine, singular], þiustrijā [accusative, feminine, singular], þiustrī [accusative, neuter, singular], þiustrijas [genitive, masculine, singular], þiustrijeʀā [feminine, genitive, singular], þiustrijas [genitive, neuter, singular], þiustrijumē [dative, masculine, singular], þiustrijeʀē [dative, feminine, singular], þiustrijumē [dative, neuter, singular], þiustriju [instrumental, masculine, singular], þiustrijeʀu [feminine, instrumental, singular], þiustriju [instrumental, neuter, singular], þiustrijē [masculine, nominative, plural], þiustrijō [feminine, nominative, plural], þiustriju [neuter, nominative, plural], þiustrijā [accusative, masculine, plural], þiustrijā [accusative, feminine, plural], þiustriju [accusative, neuter, plural], þiustrijeʀō [genitive, masculine, plural], þiustrijeʀō [feminine, genitive, plural], þiustrijeʀō [genitive, neuter, plural], þiustrijēm [dative, masculine, plural], þiustrijum [dative, masculine, plural], þiustrijēm [dative, feminine, plural], þiustrijum [dative, feminine, plural], þiustrijēm [dative, neuter, plural], þiustrijum [dative, neuter, plural], þiustrijēm [instrumental, masculine, plural], þiustrijum [instrumental, masculine, plural], þiustrijēm [feminine, instrumental, plural], þiustrijum [feminine, instrumental, plural], þiustrijēm [instrumental, neuter, plural], þiustrijum [instrumental, neuter, plural]
  1. dark, gloomy Tags: reconstruction Derived forms: þiustrijōn

Download JSON data for þiustrī meaning in Proto-West Germanic (9.7kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "þīestre",
            "3": "þȳstre"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: þīestre, þȳstre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: þīestre, þȳstre; þēostre (conflated with descendant of *þeustraz)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "þester",
            "3": "þuster",
            "4": "þeostre"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: þester, þuster, þeostre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: þester, þuster, þeostre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "*thiūstere"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: *thiūstere",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: *thiūstere"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "tjuuster"
          },
          "expansion": "Saterland Frisian: tjuuster",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Saterland Frisian: tjuuster"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "tsjuster"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: tsjuster",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: tsjuster"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "thiustri"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: thiustri",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: thiustri"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "dûster"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: dûster",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: dûster"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "düüster"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: düüster",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: düüster"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "düster",
            "3": "duster",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: düster, duster",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: düster, duster"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "dyster",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Danish: dyster",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Danish: dyster"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "dyster",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Swedish: dyster",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Swedish: dyster"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "dyster",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: dyster",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: dyster"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "dyster",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: dyster",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: dyster"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*thiustri"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *thiustri",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *thiustri"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "dustere",
            "3": "diester",
            "4": "duuster"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: dustere, diester, duuster",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: dustere, diester, duuster"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "duister"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: duister",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: duister"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "duister"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: duister",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: duister"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "duuster"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: duuster",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: duuster"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "*thiustri"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: *thiustri",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "northern"
          },
          "expansion": "(northern)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: *thiustri (northern)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "dūster",
            "3": "diuster"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: dūster, diuster",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: dūster, diuster"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-cfr",
            "2": "düster",
            "3": "deister"
          },
          "expansion": "Central Franconian: düster, deister",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Central Franconian: düster, deister"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lb",
            "2": "däischter"
          },
          "expansion": "Luxembourgish: däischter",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Luxembourgish: däischter"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-rfr",
            "2": "deischter"
          },
          "expansion": "Rhine Franconian: deischter",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "few dialects; most only have non-native <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gmw-rfr\">duschter</i>, <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gmw-cfr\">duster</i>"
          },
          "expansion": "(few dialects; most only have non-native duschter, duster)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Rhine Franconian: deischter (few dialects; most only have non-native duschter, duster)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*þimstr",
        "3": "*-ī",
        "id2": "adjective",
        "pos2": "adjective suffix",
        "t1": "dark, dusky"
      },
      "expansion": "*þimstr (“dark, dusky”) + *-ī (adjective suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*þiustrijaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þiustrijaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*tewh₂-",
        "t": "to swell"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*tuskъ",
        "t": "gloom"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tuskъ (“gloom”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly from *þimstr (“dark, dusky”) + *-ī (adjective suffix), with unexpected *m > *w. Or, perhaps from Proto-Germanic *þiustrijaz, *þiuhstrijaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”). Compare Proto-Slavic *tuskъ (“gloom”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustriju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijanā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijeʀā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijumē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijeʀē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijumē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustriju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijeʀu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustriju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustriju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustriju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijeʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijeʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijeʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "*þiustrī",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þiustrī",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ī (adjective)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "þiustrijōn"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dark, gloomy"
      ],
      "id": "en-þiustrī-gmw-pro-adj-fIQNrQX-",
      "links": [
        [
          "dark",
          "dark"
        ],
        [
          "gloomy",
          "gloomy"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "þiustrī"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "þiustrijōn"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "þīestre",
            "3": "þȳstre"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: þīestre, þȳstre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: þīestre, þȳstre; þēostre (conflated with descendant of *þeustraz)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "þester",
            "3": "þuster",
            "4": "þeostre"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: þester, þuster, þeostre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: þester, þuster, þeostre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "*thiūstere"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: *thiūstere",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: *thiūstere"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "tjuuster"
          },
          "expansion": "Saterland Frisian: tjuuster",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Saterland Frisian: tjuuster"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "tsjuster"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: tsjuster",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: tsjuster"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "thiustri"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: thiustri",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: thiustri"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "dûster"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: dûster",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: dûster"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "düüster"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: düüster",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: düüster"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "düster",
            "3": "duster",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: düster, duster",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: düster, duster"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "dyster",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Danish: dyster",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Danish: dyster"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "dyster",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Swedish: dyster",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Swedish: dyster"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "dyster",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: dyster",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: dyster"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "dyster",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: dyster",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: dyster"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*thiustri"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *thiustri",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *thiustri"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "dustere",
            "3": "diester",
            "4": "duuster"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: dustere, diester, duuster",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: dustere, diester, duuster"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "duister"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: duister",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: duister"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "duister"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: duister",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: duister"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "duuster"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: duuster",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: duuster"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "*thiustri"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: *thiustri",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "northern"
          },
          "expansion": "(northern)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: *thiustri (northern)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "dūster",
            "3": "diuster"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: dūster, diuster",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: dūster, diuster"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-cfr",
            "2": "düster",
            "3": "deister"
          },
          "expansion": "Central Franconian: düster, deister",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Central Franconian: düster, deister"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lb",
            "2": "däischter"
          },
          "expansion": "Luxembourgish: däischter",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Luxembourgish: däischter"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-rfr",
            "2": "deischter"
          },
          "expansion": "Rhine Franconian: deischter",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "few dialects; most only have non-native <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gmw-rfr\">duschter</i>, <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gmw-cfr\">duster</i>"
          },
          "expansion": "(few dialects; most only have non-native duschter, duster)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Rhine Franconian: deischter (few dialects; most only have non-native duschter, duster)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*þimstr",
        "3": "*-ī",
        "id2": "adjective",
        "pos2": "adjective suffix",
        "t1": "dark, dusky"
      },
      "expansion": "*þimstr (“dark, dusky”) + *-ī (adjective suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*þiustrijaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þiustrijaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*tewh₂-",
        "t": "to swell"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*tuskъ",
        "t": "gloom"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tuskъ (“gloom”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly from *þimstr (“dark, dusky”) + *-ī (adjective suffix), with unexpected *m > *w. Or, perhaps from Proto-Germanic *þiustrijaz, *þiuhstrijaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”). Compare Proto-Slavic *tuskъ (“gloom”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustriju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijanā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijeʀā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijumē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijeʀē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijumē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustriju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijeʀu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustriju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustriju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustriju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijeʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijeʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijeʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þiustrijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "*þiustrī",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þiustrī",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-West Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-West Germanic ja-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ī (adjective)",
        "Undetermined terms with quotations",
        "gmw-pro:Darkness"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dark, gloomy"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dark",
          "dark"
        ],
        [
          "gloomy",
          "gloomy"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "þiustrī"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.